VOL.25, NO.3
DEVELOPING THE CHECKLIST TO ASSESS THE LANDSCAPE SERVICE IN CITY PARK WITHIN THE CONCEPT OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICE
Jing-Shoung Hou, Hsiao-Ting Yang, Chang-Chan Huang, Chung-Heng Hsieh
This study aims to develop a checklist to the landscape services of urban park. The parameters of checklist was collected by reviewing the relative studies such as ecosystem service, SITES, millennium ecosystem assessment, biotope area factor, and green building assessment system. This study choose three parks (Jiou-She park, Bei-Tuen park, Jian-Kang parks) which had been constructed for more than 20 years in Taichung city as the sites for landscape service assessment. The result shows that Jiou-She park was the best park of regulating service and good supporting service, Bei-Tuen park had the best of supporting service, and Jian-Kang park had the best cultural service. However, there was shortage of energy conservation facilities, wetlands and environmental educational events in the assessment of landscape service. As to the examination of the parameters of checklist, the result of this study also recommended that food security might not be necessary for the providing service of urban park. Also, several critical landscape service items such as water saving, waste treatment, and energy savin which were not suitable for old park assessment of landscape service were suggested to be integrated into the norm of the proposed project of parks in the future. Furthermore, environmental education and volunteer training should be taken into urban park management along with community empowerment work.
INTEGRATING GPS TRACKING DATA IN RECREATIONAL CARRYING CAPACITY ASSESSMENT
Yann-Jou Lin, Chin-Chung Yu, Han-Chin Chang, Bau-Show Lin
Recreational carrying capacity is vital to managers. With the popularity of GIS applications, the relationship between recreational utilization and visitors' crowding perception could be truly explored by integrating GPS tracking data. Taking the Yehliu Geopark as the study site, this study estimated the temporal spatial distribution of visitors by using counted visitor numbers of the park and GPS tracking data. We used a structured questionnaire to collect visitors' crowding perceptions toward spots in the park. Then, this study analyzed the relationship between the number of visitors and crowding perception and utilized the association to assess the recreational carrying capacity of Yehliu Geopark. The results show that the visitor distribution in the park was a temporal-spatial variant. The crowding perception was the highest in Queen's Head; the more visitors, the higher perception of crowding. The park's recreational carrying capacity in different situations was further estimated. The results could inform management strategy making; by controlling the number of visitors in Queen's Head or controlling the total number of visitors to the park to reduce the crowding perception. In addition, managers could further integrate the guide and the GPS to develop APP programs to establish an extensive database to formulate corresponding strategies to provide visitors with a better experience in the park.
EXPLORING THE OPTIMIZED STRATEGIES FOR URBAN PARKS AND GREEN SPACES MAINTENANCE AND MANAGEMENT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF APPEALS RECEPTION: THE CASE STUDY OF TAICHUNG CITY
Yuan-Ning Li, Chin-Chung Yu, Baw-Show Lin
This study adopted the content analysis method to analyze the appeals reception in urban parks and green spaces of Taichung City to reveal the appeal issues and their variation. The study results show that the "maintenance stage" was the most frequently appealed stage among the four stages of urban park and green space lifecycle management, with 10,071 appeals, accounting for 93% of the total number of appeals and a monthly average of 187 appeals. Obviously, the public is concerned about the maintenance quality of the park. Among the four park and green space types of Taichung City, the urban park was the type that received the most appeals, which accounted for 79.14%. Among the four main administration districts, downtown had the most appeals, accounted 89%, which showed that the higher number of urban parks and green spaces and the denser population, the more appeals. Furthermore, this study conducted an expert in-depth interview to refine the issues detected and the corresponding optimized strategies for the "planning and assessment stage," "design communication stage," "construction stage," and "maintenance stage." Through bottom-up feedback, this study tried to solve the issues of the four stages of urban park and green space lifecycle management, improve the quality of the urban park and green space, increase the public's satisfaction, and reduce the number of appeals.
VOL.25, NO.2
THE INFLUENCE OF WALL PAINTING ON IMAGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL AESTHETICS OF RURAL AREAS
Shu-Chen Chang, Yen-Chen Chiu
Under the promotion of relevant government projects and the effect of media reports, many rural villages have successively used colorful paintings to create the environment in Taiwan over the past decade. Although these colorful paintings have made many communities become popular attractions, it has also triggered criticisms that the content of colorful paintings deviates from the characteristics of the community, ignores local culture, and lacks environmental aesthetics. Thus, the main purpose of this research is to explore the influence of rural wall painting on image of rural area and environmental aesthetics. Our research divides the types of rural paintings into 4 categories: "3D interactive painting", "original illustration painting", "cartoon animation painting" and "rural landscape painting", and collects pictures of rural wall paintings in central and southern Taiwan through a wide range of photography methods. Finally, we select 32 photos as the official test photos (8 for each type of painting) for the subjects to fill in their perception of image and environmental aesthetics of rural areas after viewing the photos. The samples are from the Internet and questionnaire surveys, and we obtain a total of 476 valid samples (236 online and 240 on-site). The result mainly shows: (1) The red brick wall surface should retain its original appearance to show the rural image and environmental aesthetics, and it is less suitable for painting; the concrete wall can be painted moderately, but the content should be related to the rural style or local culture, and pay attention to the painting skills and quality. (2) Among the types of painting, "rural landscape painting" can mostly show rural image and environmental aesthetics at the same time, while "cartoon animation painting" is a type with low rural image and environmental aesthetics.
THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG NOSTALGIC EMOTION, EXPERIENTIAL VALUE AND PLACE ATTACHMENT OF VISITORS IN SHEN JI NEW VILLAGE
Yen-Hsi Li, Chia-Yu Chang
The purpose of the study was to explores the relationship among nostalgic emotion, experiential value and place attachment of tourists in Shen Ji New Village, and to suggest for odd house reuse. This study uses the questionnaire survey method to survey on-site with convenience sampling, and a total of 377 valid samples are collected. The results show that visitors from different socio-economic backgrounds have significant differences in their nostalgia emotion, experiential value and place attachment. Further, the nostalgia emotion will positively and significantly affect the experiential value and place attachment, and affect local attachment through the mediation of experience value. This research also provides suggestions for management and follow-up research for relevant units.
IMPACT OF URBAN SIDEWALK ENCLOSURE ON TIME PERCEPTION
Zhen-Ning Huang, Po-Ju Chang
Although road length and objective walking time cannot be changed, it may be possible to change the perceived walking time by influencing the bodu’s time judgment mechanism. Previous studies have found that the perception of time is distorted when the human body changes its emotional state and attention when exposed to external stimuli. This study simulated people walking on streets with different sense of enclosure feelings, and test whether people experience changes in their perception of time and emotional state by watching the perspective of first-person walking in VR movies. The results show that the influence of emotional state on the perception of time is overestimated in the four types of emotional states composed of high or low arousal and high or low pleasure. In the passage of time judgements, it has a positive linear relationship with arousal and pleasure. In different enclosed spaces, it is observed that there was no difference in the duration judgment, and they all showed an overestimation of time, while the speed of time passing was slower in the space with high closedness feels than in the space with low and medium closedness.
VOL.25, NO.1
THE EFFECT OF GREEN ROOF ON PHOTOVOLTAIC THERMAL PERFORMANCE AND POWER GENERATION IN TAIWAN
Chih-Fang Fang
Solar energy is one of the most important green energy today. However, solar panels (PV) reduce the efficiency of PV power generation due to high ambient temperature and thermal cycling. These are the most important factors to cause PV failure. Therefore, some studies have used the green roof with PV to reduce the PV temperature and increase the power generation. However, the actual measurement research in subtropical regions is still insufficient. This research explore the thermal performance and power generation of PV on green roofs. In this study, the test group was set up on the green roof, including long grass area, short grass, and the control group was set on the concrete insulation brick roof. There are long grass area (long grass PV), short grass area (short grass PV) and concrete roof (concrete PV) treatments. Three repeats of PV were setup on each treatments to measure the PV temperature and power generation. A total of 80 days of actual measurement will be conducted in the summer of 2020. Studies have shown that when the irrigation were carried out, the max PV back temperature of long grass PV is 5℃ lower than that of the concrete PV; the max PV back temperature of short grass PV is 10℃ lower than that of the concrete PV. However, when the irrigation were not carried out , the max PV back temperature of long grass PV is 5℃ higher than that of concrete PV; the minimum PV back temperature of short grass PV is 1.7℃ lower than that of concrete PV. The PV back temperature of the three treatments was analyzed by ANOVA. It was found that the temperature of short grass PV was significantly lower than that of concrete PV and long grass PV under irrigation. However, without irrigation, the PV back temperature of short grass PV and concrete PV is significantly lower than that of long grass PV. The ANOVA of the power generation of the three treatments shows that the power generation of concrete PV is higher than that of short grass PV and long grass PV regardless of whether it is irrigated or not. Although a green roof will reduce the power generated by PV, a short grass green roof with irrigation can significantly reduce the PV temperature. Therefore, it is recommended that the green roof PV should be setup with low vegetation and timely irrigation will reduce the PV temperature and reduce the probability of PV failure.
RE-EXAMINING THE CAUSALITY BETWEEN COMPLEXITY AND LANDSCAPE VISUAL PREFERENCE
Yun Jiang, Yi-Chun Kuo, Chia-Kuen Cheng
Relationship between complexity and preference have been proved to have a causal relationship in psychology. In landscape field, complexity is found to be an important factor influencing landscape visual preference. However, recent psychological study indicated the possibility of reverse causality, that is, preference affects perceived complexity. Some researchers believed the effect of emotional arousal and valence on selective attention and visual processing, so the prefer pictures are often considered more complicated subjectively. The current study believed there should be same phenomenon in landscape field. Hence, this study collected subjects’ preference and complexity evaluations on landscaped photos, and analyzed the relationship between the three objects by objective measurement methods of complexity. Although the results did not show significant relationship between preference and subjective complexity, objective complexity was moderately related to subjective complexity and preference. Therefore, the two types of complexity might have different relationships with preference, and it is more appropriate to use objective complexity as the pre-factor of landscape preferences.
PPGIS ON THE APPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING: A CASE STUDY OF CHUNG-PIN COMMUNITY, KEELUNG
Tsu-Jen Ding, Tzuhui A. Tseng, Ping-Jui Hsieh
This study attempted to solve environmental decision-making in community development through the Public Participation Geographic Information System (PPGIS). It used interviews and participatory observation to record the problems and solutions encountered using PPGIS in the action research process of environmental planning in the community. The results found that community residents' curiosity about information technology can increase their interest and motivation to participate; besides, planning professionals can profoundly grasp people's ideas in the discussion process guided by PPGIS and have more confidence in planning results. The most important thing is planning professionals play a proactive and guiding role. The ability to participate has also been improved, which has promoted mutual trust and cooperation, which further reflects the potential social education goals of participatory planning. PPGIS is a recent attempt to encourage community development in Keelung, and it attracts everyone's attention for some reason. Whether in public sector decision-making units or other community partners, they have positive affirmation and expectations. It is not difficult to detect this group of planning professionals or community workers because the affirmation of information technology has produced the advantages of community environmental practice. This study finds that investing in community building work through PPGIS can improve work efficiency and enable people to participate in community affairs fully.