VOL.24, NO.4
EXPLORING EFFECTIVE FACTORS ON CONNECTEDNESS TO NATURE IN ECOLOGICAL MOVIES
Ran Lin, Yu-Ping Tsai, Chun-Yen Chang
Nature connection is a concept that explores the relationship between human and nature as well as the theme expressed in eco-films which is more direct and objective. Therefore, this study will use the film's description of the relationship between man and nature. Analyze how the characters in the play relate to nature in their interactions with nature, focusing on different types of environments and interactions, and exploring natural environments and natural experiences that promote nature connections. This study selected a total of 6 films and intercepted 33 fragments, used qualitative analysis software to code landscape elements, types of interaction, and people's perceptions and classified them according to their traits to understand the relationship between the three and the formation of natural connections. The results show that the natural environment, nature experience, individual solitude, and social interaction are four important factors that affect the establishment of nature connection. Connectedness on nature is established through the combined effects of these factors.
THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG EXPERIENTIAL MARKETING OF PERCEPTION, EXPERIENTIAL VALUE, AND LOYALTY OF TEA INDUSTRIAL TOURISM, A CASE STUDY OF FINGERTEA STORY HOUSE, NANTOU, TAIWAN
Chang-Jen Kuo, Yu-Tzu Chiu
Since the era of experience economy is coming, promotions should focus on experiencing products or services. The study explores promoting experiential value by using the information received by experiential marketing proposed by Schmitt (1999), to understand visitors’ loyalty after visiting the spot; thus, to understand the relationships among experiential marketing of strategic perception, experiential value, and loyalty when sightseeing in industrial tourism. The researcher handed out the questionnaires in Fingertea. 417 copies of the questionnaires were collected. The results of the study show that: (1) experiential marketing of strategic perception has significant influence on experiential value, (2) experiential value has significant influence on loyalty, (3) experiential marketing of strategic perception has no significant influence on loyalty, (4) tourists’ demographic characteristics have partially significant influence on experiential marketing of strategic perception, experiential value, and loyalty, (5) experiential value plays as a mediator between experiential marketing of strategic perception and loyalty.
BUILDING CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF PERCEIVED BIOPHILIC DESIGN ON ENVIRONMENTAL EXPERIENCES
Shih-Han Hung, Chun-Yen Chang
The Biophilia Hypothesis proposes that people have the instinct to be with nature and living bodies. Using the biophilic design can integrate nature into the built environment, thereby promoting health benefits such as physical and psychological health benefits, which is in line with related environmental psychology theories and Traditional Environmental Qi. However, there have not yet been developed evaluation items that can measure perceived biophilic design. The research builds on biophilic design theory to accurately understanding the concept and meanings and cooperates with expert group discussions, landscape professionals, and non-professionals to adjust semantics and the use of words in questionnaires. The research extracts 57 environmental features and elements from 72 items, which produced by Kellert, Heerwagen, & Mador (2008) and develops 59 questions to evaluate the items of perceived biophilic design in the built environment. This research contributes to providing a Perceived Biophilic Design Items to measure a sense of experience in nature. Through the overall perception evaluation method, it can be applied to the planning and design in the landscape.
VOL.24, NO.3
EXPLORING TOURIST’S NOSTALGIA IMAGE OF A HAKKA HERITAGE DESTINATION AND REVISIT INTENTION: THE CASE OF PEI-PU, HSINCHU
Chung-Hsien Lin, Pei-Yu Liu, Wei-Ching Wang
The purpose of this study is to explore the connotations of tourists’ nostalgia images of a Hakka heritage destination and to further understand the relationship between the connotations of nostalgia images and revisit intention. In this study on-site self-administered structured questionnaires are administered to collect tourists’ data at Pei-Pu Hakka heritage destination. The results show that cognitive nostalgia images consist of two dimensions labeling with authentic representation and nostalgy imagination. In addition, affective nostalgia images comprise four dimensions which are proud, friendly, joyful, and relieved. The analysis results further show that cognitive nostalgia image has a greater influence on tourist’s revisit intention than does affective nostalgia image and has an impact on affective nostalgia image. The findings imply that tourist’s perception of physical or tangible heritage objects is an incentive to revisit a heritage destination, highlighting the importance of management authorities’ planning for cultural representations of a heritage destination.
SLEEPLESS CITY IN TAIWAN—THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS, LANDSCAPE PREFERENCE AND RESTORATIVE PERCEPTION
Su-Hsin Lee, Yi-Chien Hsieh, Syuan-Pei Huang
In recent years, viewing spots in Taiwan have flourished for urban nightscape. This study first collected 116 popular viewing restaurants/ spots and used satellite images to locate spatial characteristics, including height, distribution, and distance. Further on-site surveys were carried out based on spatial characteristics and night view content. In the second part, we selected 20 scenic spots and photographed the nightscape, and explored the relationships among the spatial characteristics, the viewers’ preference and the restoration perception of the nightscape. The results found that (1) The location of the nightscape restaurants are mostly between 68 and 857 meters above sea level. The most common relative height between the restaurants and the night city are about 200 meters, and distance are over 100 meters. Most of them are located on the hillside at the intersection of mountains and plains. The viewing content includes urban and rural night scenes, landmark buildings, and elevated road traffic landscapes. (2) Landscape preference is highly correlated with restorative perception, suggesting that viewing the nightscape may have a healing function. (3) The degree of preference is positively correlated with the relative height, the population of the settlement, and the angle of depression. (4) The preferred nightscape is high lighting brightness, an open field of view, and a non-flat shape, while dynamic sceneries, landmark buildings, and elevated roads have bonus effects. (5) Finally, we provide the nightscape viewing mode and suggestion strategies for nightscape planning.
RE-EXAMINING FACTORS AFFECTING ENVIRONMENT PERCEIVED DANGER—THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCENARIOS AND CONCEALMENT
Yi-Chun Kuo, Chia-Kuen Cheng
Environment perceived danger is one of important issue in the landscape preference. The most representative factors affecting environment perceived danger are prospect, refuge, entrapment and concealment. Nasar defined concealment as the places supply criminals with hiding, and it generally regarded as an environmental characteristic. However, according to the definition of concealment, when the subjects do not believe the existence of criminals, them the result of the test may be different from the actual situation. Therefore, the aim of this research is to review the conditions for the formation of concealment, and explore the impact of the existence of object with attacking intentions on both perceived danger and concealment, as well as the influence of concealment and scenarios on perceived danger.
The results showed that scenarios affected concealment, which in turn affected perceived danger. In addition, the effects of scenarios on perceived danger were mediated by concealment. When both of scenarios and concealment existed in regression model, the effects of scenarios on perceived danger would be completely explained by concealment. Therefore, it can be deduced that concealment is affected by psychological evaluation and physical conditions. Therefore, in the future, the research about concealment must pay attention to the consistency of the psychological evaluation of the subject or control it.
VOL.24, NO.2
AN APPLICATION OF CONJOINT ANALYSIS TO PREFERENCES OF MIDDLE-AGED AND ELDERLY PEOPLE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES OF NEIGHBORHOOD PARKS
Cheng-Hung Tsai, Po-Ju Chang
The World Health Organization once mentioned the concepts of active aging and elderly friendly cities. It can be seen that urban green space plays an important role in human life in later life. Resources are limited. The county and municipal governments cannot allocate the budget to each neighborhood park. To improve the overall park within a short period of time, this study uses a joint analysis to understand which environmental attributes of the green space of the neighborhood are more or more important to the middle
aged and elderly people, so as to establish the priority of future park improvement projects. The results of the study found that middle-aged and senior citizens paid the most attention to the degree of night lighting (relative importance 27.156%), followed by the presence or absence of toilets (relative importance 12.215%), and shadows formed by trees (relative importance 10.07%). It is expected that the results of this study can be used as a reference for the construction or improvement of neighborhood parks in the future, and the resources will be used effectively.
EFFECTS OF HORTICULTURAL THERAPY INTERVENTION ON ASPERGER CHILDREN: A MULTIPLE CASE STUDY
Lu-Lin Wu, Hui-mei Chen
This study focused on the benefits of horticultural therapy (HT) intervention for Asperger children. The purposes of this research were: to explore the attraction of horticultural activity to Asperger children; to assess the effects of HT on Asperger symptoms, comprising social interaction issue, emotional disorder, rigidity or restricted interest, sensory disorder, and delayed fine motor skills; and to identify the differences between HT and other therapies. A multiple case study was adopted. Five cases were selected to participate in the ten weeks of the HT program. According to client and parent interviews, the results showed that HT was attractive to the Asperger. The sensory activities were crucial for attraction. Ten weeks of HT intervention can improve clients’ social interaction, increase emotion, restrict rigidity or restricted interest, alleviate the sensory disorder. However, it can not improve their delayed fine motor skills. Moderate and natural activity and manufacture and create were the major two attributes between HT and other therapies.
RE-EXAMINING THE INFLUENCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLEXITY AND COHERENCE ON PREFERENCE
Yu-Chieh Cheng, Chia-Kuen Cheng
Kaplan & Kaplan's (1989) environmental information processing theory was well cited theory in landscape preference studies. This theory indicate that complexity has a positive effect on environmental preference. However, several studies on complexity and preference revealed that the influences of complexity on preference was still inconclusive. From existing literature, we believed that there could be two possible reasons for this divergence: First, there might be interactions between the effects of complexity and coherence on preference. Second, the might be different dimensions of environmental preference which might have different relationships with complexity. Therefore, two research questions were raised for this study: 1. Is there any interaction between complexity and coherence on their effects on environmental preference? 2. Does different dimensions of environmental preference have different relationships with complexity? A web-based photo survey was conducted to understand the relationships between coherence, complexity and preference. Results showed that although complexity and coherence did influence preference, no significant interaction between them were found. Results also indicated that different types of preferences might have different relationships with complexity and coherence. The current study demonstrated that complexity itself might contains different aspects and has different relationships with preferences, which worthy of further examination.
VOL.24, NO.1
INFLUENCE OF MATERIAL ENVIRONMENT OF PUBLIC SPACE BELOW OVERPASS ON LEISURE BEHAVIOR
Zhang Ke, Hu Yike
Transforming the negative space below the overpass into a public space for the daily leisure activities of citizens is an important development direction for saving urban land resources. This research aims to demonstrate the significance of the public space below the overpass in the current urban development process, looking for material environment factors that affect the leisure behavior and to explore its influence degree. Seven overpasses in the downtown area of Tianjin were selected as the research objects, and data collection was performed through site surveys, statistics, interviews, behavior notes, and other methods, and select valid data for analysis. The analysis results show that the public space below the overpass has strong research feasibility. The sheltering function of the bridge structure makes the public space under the overpass exhibit an activity atmosphere better than other types of urban public spaces in rainy weather. Depending on the actual situation below the overpass, different strategies should be selected to optimize the public space.
IMPACT OF LANDSCAPE ENGINEERING AND ITS DISPUTES ON SOCIETY
Jing-Tong Li, Hung-Ming Tu
This study explored the effect of landscape engineering and its controversies impacts with social concern through the analysis of newspaper articles. It gives feedback to the society about how to reduce landscape engineering disputes in the future and improve the quality of tourism and recreation. The search keyword was ‘landscape engineering’. This study collected and analyzed the data from 325 articles published during a period of ten years (2009-2018) and obtained from the online databases of Apple Daily, China Times, United Daily News, and The Liberty Times. The disputes and impacts of landscape engineering were analyzed. The results of the study showed that the disputes in landscape engineering funding, engineering bidding, engineering construction, engineering design, and responsible supervision were the five types of landscape engineering disputes. The study revealed that disputes in engineering construction and engineering design were the main issues. Among the effects categories caused by landscape engineering, the numbers of positive reports were more than negative reports. While several of the positive reports were related to an increase in tourism and describe the social benefits of landscape engineering, the negative reports were mainly focused on the destruction of ecological and cultural assets due to landscape engineering.
RESEARCH ON RURAL BELIEF PUBLIC SPACE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF "HETEROTOPIA" ——TAKE ZHANGLIN VILLAGE IN XIANYOU COUNTY AS AN EXAMPLE
Zhi-Qiang Zheng, Rung-Jiun Chou, Zhi-Wei Zheng
In the traditional rural society of mainland China, folk belief is an important medium for villages to take care of themselves and build a rural social order. Palaces, temples and other temples are not only places for carrying out folk belief activities, but also public spaces for daily entertainment and communication among villagers in their daily lives. There are a lot of belief spaces in palaces, temples, ancestral halls and other traditional villages in southeast coastal areas such as Fujian. These spaces are closely related to the daily life of local villagers and are important venues for religious, sacrificial, educational and entertainment activities in rural society. The historical context in traditional villages can be inherited through the belief space, and the belief public space has therefore become an important material carrier for the construction of rural sense of place. However, in the era of rapid economic development, rural belief public spaces are gradually declining. Rural belief public space is an important field of rural social activities and social connection, and its protection and inheritance have become an important aspect of rural revitalization. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the spatial function and nature of rural public spaces of belief, and the rich meanings contained in the spaces. This study takes a specific village as an example, combining space syntax with non participative observation and in-depth interviews to conduct an in-depth analysis. Through spatial configuration analysis, the research shows that the belief public space in the village has strong accessibility and publicity; after further research and analysis, it is shown that: (1) rural belief public space has Zhu Fuke's "different state" Features are an effective complement to the real social space. (2) The rural belief public space has domain restrictions, and the domain restrictions affect the daily life and behavior of villagers in real society. (3) The rural religious public space is political, it is an important medium for rural social governance, and power is used to govern and discipline villagers through it. (4) The decline of rural belief public spaces indicates the gradual disintegration of traditional rural social structures and social connections.