VOL.21, NO.4
USING IPA TO EXPLORE THE ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES OF BIKEWAYS BY CYCLISTS AND MANAGERS
Mei-Chih Chen, Yen-Ling Zhou, Yen-Cheng Chiang
The purpose of this study is using importance–performance analysis (IPA) to investigate the importance placed on bicycle lane environmental attributes by cyclists and managers of varying their satisfaction regarding these environmental attributes. We used three types of bicycle lane as research sites and employed convenience sampling to select bicyclers for an on- site questionnaire survey. A total of 300 valid questionnaires were collected, and an additional 27 valid questionnaires were collected in a survey on management unit personnel. The results indicated that, for the Taichung Metropolitan Park Bicycle Lane, lane width, restroom, and vendor management must be improved. For Taichung Central City Leisure Bicycle Lane, ecological conservation must be improved. For the Tong-Fong Bicycle Green Corridor, emergency safety facilities required improvement. In the importance and performance of the environmental attributes by cyclists and managers, they have consistently ratings in the all bikeways. Tong-Fong Bicycle Green Corridor has better environmental attributes performance than others. These results can serve as a reference for designers and managers when constructing new bicycle lanes or managing and maintaining existing lanes in the future.
THE EFFECTS OF HORTICULTURAL THERAPY ON IMPROVEMENT OF JUNIOR’S INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
Chien-Yau Lin, Chun-Teh Kuo, Ying-Hsu Chang, Yu-Hsiu Huang
The researches of horticultural therapy have been focusing on improvement of physical and mental situation. There are few systematic studies which evaluated the benefits of social activity. In this study, we investigated the benefits of horticultural therapy on interpersonal relationship through qualitative aspect. Due to the teenagers in the stage of junior high school often encounter the difficulties on self-identity and interpersonal relationship, the junior high school students were chosen for study. To realize if horticultural therapy activities could ameliorate interpersonal relationship on student, we examined by various ways including interviews and observation records, etc. The results demonstrated that horticultural therapy indeed improved the interpersonal relationship between students and also showed the positive effects on adaptation of social and work. For example, participants are more able to communicate and interact with others and share their thoughts and feelings. They even improve their ideas and practices of interpersonal relationship. In addition, the participants believed that the activities also made them award assertiveness and achievement sense. In the future, we suggest that the horticulture activities can be appropriately arranged into school curricula or counseling activities to provide an alternative, natural and affordable way of learning.
TO EVALUATE THE HEALTHY LANDSCAPE BY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGICAL RESTORATION
Tzuhui Angie Tseng, Sin-Rou Fu
The relationship between natural environment and human health has gotten gradually attention. Many studies discussed about getting physical activity from environmental design is best-value healthy lifestyle in one’s lifespan. Natural environment can provide activity or excise, which can promote an increase of physical activity. However, the physical benefits caused by the natural environment were rarely taken seriously. In this study, 30 college students were selected as subjects in Eighteen Peaks Mountain, Hsinchu. Garmin Forerunner 405 GPS Sports Watch and the user preferences and environmental restoration questionnaire were used as the measuring instrument, then we tried to discuss health of the environment from physical activity and environmental psychological restoration aspect. The main findings of this study are as followed: 1. The landscape with sense of restoration is with more natural elements than artificial elements. 2. The subjects prefer to stay where with sense of restoration. But the staying time is not long, maybe because there is not any recreational facility probably. 3. The vantage point in the spatial classification can cause subjects to produce moderate-vigorous physical activity. 4. The landscape with sense of restoration accumulates longer time in light-moderate physical activity.
USING DISCREPANCY THEORY TO EXPLORE THE RELATIONSHIP OF CHINA TOURISTS’ RECREATION CONCLICTS ABD COPING BEHAVIORS
Chang-Jen Kuo, Yong-Sheng Wang, Yi-Hsuan Hsu
The numbers of Chinese tourists coming to Taiwan have continued to rise after allowing Chinese to visit Taiwan. Sun Moon Lake is a popular tourism site for Chinese visitors, but that is also one of the considerably important topics whether feeling conflict after their experiences for administrant. The study would base on discrepancy theory to explore the relationship of the discrepancy with expectations after experiencing, recreation conflicts and coping behaviors. The information can be referred for Sun Moon Lake administrant to do for visitor management and recreation environmental planning, and that will enhance the quality of tourism for Chinese tourists. A total of 294 valid samples were obtained in the study by structured questionnaires, and the results of study showed that: 1) The discrepancy with expectations affected significantly and negatively recreation conflicts, and that means when we feel more disappointed, the conflicts will become much large. 2) Recreation conflicts affected no significantly coping behaviors in china tourists.
VOL.21, NO.3
EFFECT OF MODERATE AND VIGOROUS EXERCISES IN NATURAL AND BUILT ENVIRONMENTS ON PSYCHOLOGICAL BENEFITS
Yen-Cheng Chiang, Shun-Yi Chen
A review of exercise-related literature indicated that most studies have compared different natural environments or examined the mental benefits resulting from engaging in different exercises in natural environments. This study combined these two factors, environment and exercise, to investigate the impact of walking or running in natural or built environments on people’s mood and attention. The study divided the participants into two groups of twenty people. The walking group exercised in Chiayi Botanical Garden (natural environment) and along the sidewalk of Zhongshan Road, Chiayi City (built environment), whereas the running group exercised on the playground of the Lantan campus of National Chiayi University (natural environment) and Chiayi City Municipal Stadium (built environment). Results obtained using the profile of mood states (POMS) and backward digit span (BDS) to measure mood and attention, respectively, revealed that people running or walking in natural environments had greater attention and more positive moods after exercising, whereas people exercising in built environments did not. Compared with running in an built environment, running in a natural environment more effectively improved people’s mood and restored their attention, whereas walking in either a natural or an built environment did not. The research results can be applied in promoting mental health and the benefits of exercising in natural environments among college students.
THE EFFECT OF CONTAINER OPEN POROSITY ON UBSTRATE TEMPERATURE IN GREEN ROOFS
Chih-Fang Fang
Plastic containers are durable, light and inexpensive when used in green roofs . However, plastic containers produce high substrate temperatures that can injure plant growth. A porous container wall may promote the plant growth. Therefore, this study clarifies the relationship between container porosity and the substrate temperature. Four treatments were used, with porosities of 100%, 40%, 20% and 0% (P100%, P40%, P20% and P0%). Thermal couples were set up at the substrate surface, under substrate of 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm. The temperature in the substrate was recorded from Aug, 04, 2015 to Oct, 04, 2015. It revealed that the substrate temperatures were divided into two groups. Group I were P100% and P0%, group II were P40% and P20%. The substrate temperature of group I were higher than group II 0.51∼2.02°C. Thus, an adaptive porosity of P40% or P20%, for example, can reduce substrate temperature effectively.
EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO THE NATURAL LANDSCAPE OF CHILDREN’S PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND HEALTH
Tzuhui A. Tseng, Ching-Cheng Shen
Many studies have showed that spending time in the outdoors will help children develop positive natural values and some health benefits; however previous studies did not explore the different levels of exposing in the natural landscape. In this study, a sample of primary schools in the Hsinchu City, a total of five primary schools were willing to accept the investigation, and finally collected 241 valid samples. Research tools are the frequency of experience the natural environment, The Connection to Nature Index (CNI) for children (Cheng & Monroe, 2012), Children’s Physical Activity Scale (PAQ-C) and Pediatric quality of life questionnaire (PedsQL TM). The study found that the frequency of visiting neighbor park and forest, cause the higher level of physical activity, comparing to the contact with school campus. About the connection of natural, only the natural experiences of forest level have significant positive impact on enjoy the natural, preferences and empathy and a sense of oneness. While natural contacts of forest- level will also positively affect mental health, though the physical health is created by physical activity. It recommends we can promote more natural environmental education programs on children happened in outdoor nature.
EXPLORING THE INFLUENCE OF THE ON- CAMPUS SERVICE-LEARNING ON THE PROFESSIONAL IDENTIFICATION OF STUDENTS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
Jyun-Huei Huang, Ting-I Lee
College is a crucial phase for students to develop their professional identification. In their journey towards a professional, students develop sense of professional identification through understanding the knowledge, behavior, values and roles about a profession. Their commitments to the career can be formed and their professional identification can be reinforced by applying what they have learnt. For example, the parterre installation for annual celebration of National Chiayi University is a type of service-learning, which can strengthen students’ professional identification. Thus, this paper explores how the parterre installation by the Department of Horticulture can affect the professional identification of students who participated in the work. The installation has a tradition of which students and faculties of the department complete the work within a few months: from parterre design, procurement, planting to maintenance. To gain abundant and in-depth data in the real world, this study employs participatory action research. It finds that due to the level of students’ participation, their expressed professional identification has difference in aspects and depth between the senior students and junior students.
VOL.21, NO.2
DEVELOPING MEASUREMENT SCALE OF HORTICULTURE THERAPY
Fen-Lien Chi, Hsien-Chieh Chou, Sheng-Jung Ou
Horticulture therapy is seen as a process utilizing plants and horticultural activities to improve social, educational, psychological and physical adjustment of persons thus improving their body, mind, and spirit. However, when evaluating benefits of horticulture therapy, most of researchers adopt or modify the existing measurement scales, their reliability need to be examined. Up to date, there still lacks of the benefit assessment measurement scale of horticulture therapy which is suitable for Taiwan's population. Therefore, the purposes of this research are to establish the benefit assessment measurement scale of horticulture therapy. To accomplish the research purposes, this study followed the scale making procedures to construct the comprehensive benefit assessment measurement scale of horticulture therapy. Through analyzing literature and examining by expert, the study obtained 48 items at first. By using purposive sampling method, 256 valid samples were collected. After performing item analysis and exploratory factor analysis, five factors were extracted and 60% of variance can be explained. These factors included benefit of social interaction, benefit of cognitive reinforcement, benefit of psychological health, benefit of self-advancement, and benefit of physiological enhancement. The internal consistency of each sub-scale (0803 - .929) and total scale (.961) are quite high. Furthermore, the study performed confirmatory factor analysis, the data showed that benefit assessment measurement scale of horticulture therapy has good validity and reliability. Overall to say, the scale included 21 variables that can be used as an evaluation tool for horticultural therapy in the future.
A STUDY ON LANDSCAPE PREFERENCE OF
GREEN WALL
Chin-Yu Chan, Chun-Wei Tsou, Szu-Yuan Lin
Although numerous green walls have been erected in the urban areas of Taiwan for city greenery, the varying quality of the overall landscape has failed to achieve the greenery effect, some are even repugnant to the eye. This study aims to discuss the factors affecting the green wall landscape preference, and reviews the design guidelines of landscape preference for existing green wall. The landscape preference evaluation method was adopted as the research method and 80 pictures of green walls taken in fields were used for testing. The results showed that there are eight factors affecting the landscape preference of green wall, including: the number of plant species, number of plant colors, number of plant color blocks, plant coverage, integrity of vegetation pattern, degree of plant maintenance, design pattern and base color of green wall. All factors are positively correlated with landscape preference linearly. Among them, plant maintenance of the most important influence, followed by the number of plant colors. The design guidelines of green wall recommend choosing low-maintenance plants and colorful plants. Providing good maintenance, you can create a beautiful green wall.
THE STUDY OF FLOW EXPERIENCE, EXPERIENTIAL VALUE AND BEHAVIORAL INTENTION IN THE FORM OF METALWORKING ACTIVITIES -THE CASE STUDY OF NATIONAL TAIWAN CRAFT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE (NTCRI)
Yen-Hsi Li, Jui-Ting Chang
The aim of this paper is to determine the relationship of flow experience, experiential value and behavioral intention in the form of experiencing activities on metalworking of National Taiwan Craft Research and Development Institute (NTCRI). In terms of research findings, the study discovers that EVS consists of aesthetic ambience, escape and bang for the buck factor that are mid-high identity. We also found different that tourist characters (travel motivation, travel experience and willingness to participate⋯) have significant difference on flow experience. Regression analysis shows that flow experience has significant influence on experiential value; experiential value has significantly impact on behavioral intention; flow experience has significant influence on behavior intention. Therefore, flow experience is getting more clearly, experiential value and behavioral intention are relatively getting more highly.
THINKING AND REASONING A COMPATIBLE ENVIRONMENT CONSTRUCTION USING THE APPROACH OF THE SD GRAPHIC CAUSAL LABORATORY
Mei-Chih Chen
A compatible environment is always an issue that has been paid attention to and talked persistently in process of city development. Cities require pluralistic functions and compatible conditions of living. However, there're many problems of city development would be solved by the intuitional decision instantly, and the new problems that are not fit in with the pluralistic demands and long-term use to the community also appeared simultaneously. This study discovers that the graphic model of Causal Loops Diagram (CLD) of System Dynamics (SD) could help to focus problems and have a property of nexus on logistical thinking and reasoning the pluralistic demands of the community. Accordingly, this study makes a SD “graphic causal laboratory” to be a public forum tool for leading system thinking on issue of a compatible environment. There're three required forum programs on thinking and reasoning in a SD “graphic causal laboratory”, which are the earlier stage of a “intuition”, the middle stage of a “causal reasoning”, and the last stage of a “CLD modeling”. This study introduces the plan for implementing forum programs of “graphic causal laboratory” on the SD course. This study also analyzes the different results of thinking and reasoning within forum programs that system thinking trains in a SD “graphic causal laboratory” or none on issue of a compatible environment.
VOL.21, NO.1
ON THE SENSE OF PLACE: TAKING ZHANG WENHUAN LITERATURE’S LANDSCAPE PERSEPCTIVE AS EXAMPLE
King-Ting Tsai, Chien-Hung Tung, Man-Chan Chang
Meishan Daping In this study, Mr. Zhang Wenhuan literature described the 1920s as a research field, writer during the Japanese occupation of Mr. Zhang Wenhuan born in Meishan Daping, it works in the space field, scored most of the story and characters to his childhood experience of life to write. Mr. Zhang Wenhuan “place to live” the article, for the life of memories and life Daping field described in considerable detail. People feel cold is felt on the current performance of contemporary architectural elements from the author’s writing in architectural terms Reja, Qinru skin. Zhang works belong to savor a glimpse of Daping ring memory, emotion induced Daping people of this land, interwoven with the history of literary arena space, landscape, life memories, and feelings of the characters characterizations. Text Reconstruction phenomenon in the natural environment, a new scene to the performance of memory space field. Mr. Zhang Wenhuan “place to live” with space to write text to construct a sense of place Daping to reconstruct people lived literary landscape of the 1920s.
INFLUENCES OF VISUEL AND OLFACTORY FLOWER SCENT OF ROSE ON RESPONDENTS’ PHYSIOPSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSES
Kai-Luen Chang, Wei-Fang Hsieh, Sheng-Jung Ou
The purpose of this study is to discuss the physiopsychological responses generated from the flower scent. The research included not only the influence of flower scent on emotion and physiology, but also discussed if there are significant differences of physiopsychological responses between the olfactory single sensory stimuli and the olfactory-visual dual sensory stimuli. The study chose the rose as the study material. Through using ProComp Infiniti TM the physiological measurement equipment, electromyography (EMG), blood volume pulse (BVP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded. On the other hand, three basic emotional states─ pleasure, arousal and dominance were included in the questionnaire. Comparing the data, the results showed that most of the relationships between the physiological responses and the psychological responses are not significant. However, the significant relationships exited in the blood volume pulse, heart rate and the arousal dimension. Moreover, most of the physiological scores and the psychological scores were higher in the double stimuli. These evidences proved that when the visual stimulus was introduced, the level of the emotional response would be elevated.
THE INFLUENCE OF TOURIST ATTRIBUTES ON
ISLAND DESTINATION LANDSCAPE EXPERIENCE
-A CASE OF PENGHU ISLANDS
Ying-Hung Li, Yu-Yun Kao
The purpose of this study focus on understanding visitors’ destination landscape experience and testing visitors’ personal attributes and tourist attributes. This study use convenience sampling to collect 944 effective samples from visitors who visited to Penghu Islands. The major findings are as follows: 1.There are five main destination landscape experience dimensions discussed. The level of agreement of destination landscape experience dimension from high to low is social experience, physical experience, individual experience, social experience, spiritual experience and sensible experience. Besides, Destination landscape experience includes twenty characteristics. Visitors are shown most agreement in “aesthetic experience” among all characteristics of destination landscape experience and the lowest characteristic is belonging experience. 2. Destination landscape experience will be affected by visitor attributes, and the tourist attributes are more significant than personal attributes. In respect of visitor attributes, visitors’ visit frequency, stay length, mode of travel, and familiarity showed significant differences in their destination landscape experience.
USERS’ ACCEPTANCES FOR PET DOGS IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF PARKS
Cheng-Ping Wang
The purposes of this study are to investigate park users’ acceptances for pet dogs in parks and explore how users from different types of parks and dog guardian status affected their acceptances for pet dogs. The Yangmingshan National Park, the Manyueyuan National Forest Recreation Area, and the Da-An Forest Park were the study sites. The study results indicated respondents of Yangmingshan and Manyueyuan reported significantly higher acceptances for dogs in a general outdoor area than in Yangmingshan and Manyueyuan; however, respondents of Da-An have no significant differences between their acceptances for dogs in Da-An and a general outdoor area. The respondents of Da-An more accepted park users bringing dogs, but the respondents of Manyueyuan and Da-An have more supported that dogs should be on leash in a general outdoor area. Users in different types of parks and dog guardian status have significant influences on the acceptances for dogs entering a general outdoor area. In general, urban park users more accept dogs and dog guardians more accept dogs entering parks. Therefore, park managers should consider park types and user types when setting pet dog policy and management strategies.