VOL.19, NO.4
EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF PLACE MEANING ON COLOR FITTINGNESS FRO LANDSCAPE FACILITIES
Chia-Kuen Cheng, Yin-Chieh Lee, Li Shen
Environment fitness of facilities’ color has been one of the most important issues for landscape planning and design. However, existing literature were mostly focusing on the visual aspects of compatibility. It is still unclear if the judgments of environmental fitness would be influenced by the meanings of place. An online photo-based survey was conductedto understand people’s judgments of fitness toward the same pavilion with different colorsin the same landscape background. Each respondent were randomly assigned one out of four place labels (national park, ecological protection area, scenic area and recreational area) for the landscape background in the picture. Results showed the fitness and preference for different colored pavilion will be significantly changed while given different place labels. The label of recreational area will significantly increase fitness and preference, and scenic area will decrease them. However, there was no significant difference between the numbers of appropriate or preferred colors in different place labels. Besides, preference and fitness of the colored pavilions were also found to be influenced by the judgment of typicality for the assigned label. The current study documented the influence of place meanings on the fitness and preference of facilities’ colors in landscapes. The results will contribute to environmental color scheme or environment impact evaluations.
THE CONTEXT OF TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE TSOU TRIBE’S IMAGE: A CASE STUDY CONDUCTED IN THE ALISHAN DABANG AREA
Mei-Fen Lee, ChungHeng Hsieh, Yu-Yuan Wang, Hung-Hsu Yen
The purpose of this study was to discuss the transformation process and context of the image of the Tsou Tribe residing in the Alishan Dabang Area. To understand the transformation of the Tsou Tribe s image and its developmental context, this study focuses on the Alishan Dabang Area. A qualitative method was adopted for data collection, and a snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews with elders of the Tsou Tribe and cultural workers. Interviews were conducted to understand the participants’ views regarding the tribal culture and environment. The interview contents were recorded verbatim. After the data were compiled and categorized, they were compared with the history of the Tsou tribe to clarify the transformation process in the Tsou Tribe’s image. The study found that the transformation of the Tsou Tribe’s image in the Dabang Area can be categorized into 6 major dimensions, namely, behavior, religion, inheritance, architectural style, industrial structure, and tribal values. Each of these dimensions was transformed during different periods, leading to differing transformation results. This study also inferred that the transformations were primarily caused by religion, economic need, and policy development. Thus, this study suggests that to accommodate currently increasing tourism trends, tribal culture and characteristics must be managed appropriately through economic activities and policies, thereby enhancing local residents’ cultural identity and preservation and improving mutual respect regarding ethnic differences among various populations.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF GREEN SCHOOLYARD ACTIVITY FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Sin-Rou Fu, Tzuhui A. Tseng
Many studies regarding health and environment quality showed the importance of natural environment to children’s health and physical activities. Schoolyard is the main place where children do physical activities during a day. However, there is a lack of domestic studies exploring the relationship between the degree of natural schoolyard environment and the amount of children’s physical activities. This study used Seattle Green Factor as indicator, sampled one school from each of the different Urban Planning District Elementary School levels, according to the number of classes and area of the campus. Common surface patterns of the four schools are collected through aerial photographs and field studies, and expert assessments used to evaluate the green factors’ effectiveness of common surface patterns. GPS and heartrate monitoring watches are used as measure instruments, along with questionnaires to record children’s background information, time of outdoor activity, and frequency. Physical activity questionnaire this study developed combined with schoolyard green factor index are analyzed together. The main results of this study are as following:1. Green factor index do not have quantitative differences in children’s total physical activity time and some activities.2. Children studying in schools with high green factor level have higher participation rate in physical education class, longer activity time during recess, and different levels of physical activity time, which all have positive influence on health.3. Besides having a lot of trees, elementary schools which showed a positive relation between schoolyard green factor and physical activity have partially open surface pattern, and big proportions of playground and lawn areas, which all help promote physical activities.4. Children’s physical activities mostly happen in school, but the amount of physical activities happened during recess is still not enough.
EFFECT OF THE URBAN GREEN SPACE TRANSITION FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY
Kang Ting, Tsai, I-Chin Hesieh
The change of green spaces in the city is unavoidable during the process of urban development. Although many case studies have already discussed about the impact to the natural environmental index rather than the comprehensive impacts. Meanwhile, possibly owing to the lack of more detailed and identical information of the changes of green spaces, most studies failed to explain spatial analysis more deeply and to master the spatial characteristics of the environmental impacts. With the rapid change of urban area in Taichung city during the past years, green spaces have been fragmented and dispersed causing impairment and dysfunction of these important urban elements. The objective of this study was to quantify the changes of green spaces and to analyze the result in terms of landscape ecology principles and functioning of green spaces. This study rest surveyed the data of green spaces in Taichung city and createda relevant geographical information database according to the classification standards of Taiwan Area National Land Use Survey. Then, we applied landscape ecology calculations to derive metrics that quantified pattern of the changes in the green spaces. We also using the GIS-based green space data set of the year from 1993 to 2009 and combining gradient analysis with landscape metrics. The results showed that the spatial pattern of urbanization could be reliably quantified using landscape metrics with a gradient analysis approach, and the location of the urbanization center could be identified precisely and consistently with multiple indices. This study demonstrated the additional insights into the changes of green spaces by integrating the gradient analysis with landscape metrics. Additionally, the study discussed how changes of green spaces are related to the forms of urban growth.
VOL.19, NO.3
VEGETATION DEVELOPMENT ON LANDSLIDE AREA: THE FERTILITY EFFECT OF EXISTING TREE ISLAND
Shin-Hwei Lin, Yu-Ting Su
This study investigated the fertility effect of retained trees for vegetation development on landslide area. The summed dominance ratio (SDR) and imagery analysis on the ortho-images were indexed to represent the trend of vegetation recovery. In addition, this study examined the mechanism of vegetation development using comprehensive evaluation including forest community distribution and soil seed bank analysis. The findings indicated that the principle mechanisms of vegetation expanding on landslide area included the natural seeding from parent stand, plant sprouting, the effect of micro-climate change, and wildlife seeding. Moreover, reserving the survived trees in landslide area can accelerate the succession speed into forestation and support vegetation restoration in landslide area.
DISCUSSING THE INFLUENCES OF DIFFERENT TYPES AND SCALES OF WATERSCAPE ON SUBJECTS' PSYCHOLOGICAL PERCEPTION
Wan-Jou Yeh, Sheng-Jung Ou
The purpose of this research is to understand the effect of different waterscape on the psychological perception of subjects. Based on the past research results, that the natural environment can provide all the necessary functions of attention restoration experiences. Therefore, the study adopts the Attention Restoration Theory (ART) which includes four major features of restorative environment such as being away, extent, fascination, and compatibility. In this study, visual stimulus is used which included different types (flowing water, waterfall, fountain, stagnant water) and scales of (large, medium, small) waterscapes selected by using focus group method. Using questionnaire survey and convenience sampling method, the study obtained 121 valid samples. The results showed that medium-scale in various types and
stagnant water in overall types of waterscape had higher effects on attention restoration. Thee study confirms that subjects can identify different scales of waterscape. The study also pointed out that the selecting criteria of therapeutic pictures can be clearly identified as the classification of types and scales of different waterscape for future study.
THE CATEGORIES OF SAFETY PERCEPTION EVALUATED BY PROSPECT, REFUGE AND ESCAPE -A CASE STUDY OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CAMPUS
Shu-Chen Chang, Shiao-Ping Ho
To provide a safe learning environment is the most basic condition for schools. Currently, the strategies related with campus security protections mostly ignore the spatial aspects. According to the viewpoint of the environmental criminology, though the spatial environments cannot cause crimes directly, they usually play the induced roles and provide crimes with opportunities. And, the fear of crime is one of reactive mechanisms while people are confronted by the dangerous environments. Therefore, if it enables to understand which spatial characteristic on campus could affect the safety perception, it would help improving the sense of security and preventing crimes through the environmental designs. This study aims at exploring whether the three spatial characteristics, prospect, refuge and escape, could interwork the safety perception, and also addressing the categories of safety perceptions by using the evaluation of victims through these three factors. We use one elementary school campus in Taichung City as case study, and calculate the safety perception of students by the method of photo evaluation receiving a total of 351 valid samples. The results show that: (1) Prospect, refuge and escape, interwork the safety perception significantly, and it is knowable that these three spatial characteristics influence people’s judgments on the sense of security to the environments at the same time. Not only by one or two factors alone effect. (2) The high or low degrees of prospect, refuge and escape, clearly distinguish the safety perception. The environments with high prospect, low refuge, and high escape, give people the highest sense of security. (3) Using the high-low combinations of prospect, refuge and escape, raises a category of safety perceptions for evaluating victims. The security levels can be divided into 5 categories the most security, moderate security, moderate insecurity, insecurity, and the most insecurity.
THE INFLUENCE FACTORS OF RURAL LANDSCAPE PREFERENCE
Chang-Jen Kuo
The purpose of this study is to explore residents for cognition of favors about residents, the factors of in hence on landscape preference and the differences of landscape preference toward individual background. According to the study results, there are stewardship, coherence, disturbance, historicity, visual scale, imagery, complexity, naturalness and ephemera tasting cantle related to preference of rural landscape. There were sign can’t difference in rural landscape preference between different gender, age, marital status, educational background, occupation, residential timing, and aesthetics education. And it discovered imagery that caused the most in hence toward preference of rural landscape. There are various rural scenes, natural resources and profound culture interior in Yunlin Country. In this study, we consider that local construction and landscape planning should be more accord with resident’s demand by understanding their own cognition of environmental landscape, which is forming under the development of country industry. Thus, it is important to explore the in hence factor in the preference of rural landscape to build rural scene with local characteristic rural landscape.
VOL.19, NO.2
TESTING DECISION-MAKING STYLE AND ITS ROLE IN TOURISTS’ VACATION INTENTIONS: THE CASE OF TAICHUNG RESIDENTS
Wei-Ching Wang, Chung-Hsien Lin, Kuei-Chun Tseng, Yan-Ling Haung,
The purpose of this study is to explore the dimensions of domestic tourists’ decision-making styles and their roles in tourists’ vacation intentions. A total of 399 Taichung residents are intercepted by using convenience sampling. The results of both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis indicate that domestic tourists’ decision-making styles consist of four distinct dimensions, labeling careful consideration, hedonic, share/association, passive planning, and focused strategy. The four dimensions demonstrate satisfactory model fits, reliabilities, and validities. These findings suggest that the nature of tourists’ decision-making styles is multifaceted and different marketing strategies should be conducted based on various tourists’ vacation decision-making styles.
COLLAGE OF PLACES: THE PENGHU IMAGE MAPS OF RESIDENTS AND TOURISTS
Jing-Shoung Hou, Xiu-Han Huang, Yu-Yun Kao
Developing the place image of destination is a good way to represent place characteristic which is different from other tourism sites. It will not only highlight local residents’ expectation to tourism development but will also increase visitors’ willingness of revisit, even attract potential visitors. Hence, there is need for management unit to understand residents and visitors image to tourism destination. The main purpose of this study is to explore the image map of Penghu from residents and visitor’s mind. The in-depth interview was used to collect the data. This study asked 6 residents and 6 visitors about Penghu image by showing photograph to interviewees. The result showed that residents and visitors had similar and different image to Penghu. The similar image included “the natural image”, “the leisure image”, “the marketing image”and“the living image”. And the different image was insisted of “the cultural image”, “the climate image”, “the food image “and “the novel image”. According to the result, this study suggested that: 1. The same images are Penghu’s identity, so the local construction and marketing strategies should keep the original nature beauty and it's living culture in Penghu. The main development should base on leisure vacation project instead of fashion tight itinerary tourism mode to promote travelling quality. Also, it should make use of media to expand marketing Penghu efficiently. 2. The different images are potential images which can be formed in the future. So, it should create some experience programl activities in program low season to extend the high season time.
MEGA-EVENTS AS A STRATEGY OF CITY IMAGE CONSTRUCTION AND CITY MARKETING: A STUDY OF TOURISTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF BENEFITS FROM THE 2010 TAIPEI INTERNATIONAL FLORA EXPOSITION
Hui-Mei Chen, Hsi-Lin Liu
Holding international mega-events is an important strategy for cities' image construction and marketing. This research examined visitors’ attitudes toward the 2010 Taipei EXPO, their perceived benefits of this mega-event, and their impression of Taipei city as a tourist destination. An on-site survey was conducted to collect opinions from both native and foreign visitors. The results indicated that visitors were highly satisfied with the event and that they had very positive attitudes about the event's activity design, environment, and services. These three dimensions of attitudes were positively related to event satisfaction. Native visitors valued the diverse event benefits, including tourism revenue, industry development, social culture, and especially improving international image. Their perceived event benefits affected their support for holding international mega-events in Taiwan again in the future. Moreover, the tourism image of Taipei city is strongly related to tourism resources, environment and facilities, service quality, and social atmosphere, and which also are positive related to satisfaction with city travel.
STUDIES ON THE LANDSCAPE AESTHETIC LITERACY OF TAIWAN
Yen-Hsi Li, Hung-Hsn Yen
In the past, studies of landscape evaluate were mainly to use attributes and elements of landscape to find out people’s feeling rate after viewing the landscapes. But in the research of viewers’ and professional landscape aesthetic are still rare. And the improving of landscape aesthetic, not only the professionals need to have good landscape aesthetic literacy, also the ordinary people’s aesthetic literacy should be a key factor to improve the landscape aesthetic. Therefore, this study constructed the dimensions and factors of landscape aesthetic literacy with review of literature. Furthermore, we interviewed scholars and experts of landscape with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and obtained relative weight of indicators of landscape aesthetic literacy with Expert Choice 11 software in order to count people’s score of literacy. The results show that mean of Taiwanese landscape aesthetic literacy is 3.36 and percentile score is 67.22. The results of analyses show that the respondents of 43-62 years old, personal monthly income of fifty thousand or more, currently living in the city, once lived in the rural area, studied in related field and landscape worker possess the more landscape aesthetic literacy. Moreover, the respondents that more frequently contact with the natural ecology, landscape architecture, art and humanities, and more interested with those show the more landscape aesthetic literacy. The results of the present study suggest six dimensions that are summarizing: (1). To inspire the experience of aesthetic feelings, (2). To enhance the judgment ability of landscape quality, (3). To provide the opportunities of appreciating the natural beauty, (4). To cultivate an interest in the knowledge of related field, (5). To deepen the promotion in knowledge of related fields, and (6). To emphasis the education of creative thinking.
VOL.19, NO.1
BIOTOPE QUALITY EVALUATION MODEL AND ECOLOGICAL REHABILITATION STRATEGIES OF SUN MOON LAKE NATIONAL SCENIC AREA
Pei-Ling Wu, Chang-Chan Huang, Jing-Shoung Hou, Chia-Hsin Chen, Sin-Long Li
From 2005 to 2011 the tourist numbers of Sun Moon Lake National Scenic Area have been increasing dramatically. It’s because of the government’s policy of making open to Chinese tourists, the construction of recreation facilities and many other factors. And the administration of Sun Moon Lake predicts that tourists will continue to increase in the future. However, the increasing of tourists, the construction of facilities and recreational activities are likely to cause greater impact to the local environment and affect the quality of the local bio-habitat. Therefore, how to manage to maintain the quality of the environment is an important issue of Sun Moon Lake National Scenic Area. Thus, the purpose of this study is applying the framework of Biotope Area Factor to assess the status of BAF values of Sun Moon Lake National Scenic Area. And the results of the assessment can be taken as indicators to evaluate the local ecological environment quality and develop the strategy of ecological restoration. The results show the current BAF values of Sun Moon Lake. Areas with low BAF values include water bank’s areas around Sun Moon Lake, Itathao business area, Checheng, Shueili and Yuchih settlement. The improving suggestions for those areas are developing diverse greening methods, such as the design of multi-layer vegetation. According to the current BAF vales of Sun Moon Lake National Scenic Area, the administration of Sun Moon Lake can refer those numbers to enhance habitat qualities, to set the standard of development permission and to make other management plans.
USING SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION MODEL ON THE AMENITY BENEFITS OF URBAN PARK
Chen, Chang-Jui
It is difficult to measure the amenity benefits of urban park. However, its amenity benefit will capitalize into the prices of the surrounding real properties and present the spatial dimensions of positive neighborhood effects, localized externalities and localized amenities benefits. The purpose is to explore the factors and their marginal effects that impact on the residential housing prices based on Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) Model(one of Spatial Hedonic Models),which can be used as references for scientifically governing the spatial patterns of the amenity benefits of urban green neighborhood living environments. This study chooses the urban park system of Da-An district in Taipei city as the empirical area. The major findings are as follows: There is a positive correlation between urban park area and neighborhood effects. The combination of deferent level urban park area within a 300 meter radius around a property revealed that the size combination of deferent level urban park area has a positive amenity impact, the more area of urban park, the greater the change in housing prices. There is a negative correlation between the distance to urban park and neighborhood effects, the distance to urban park decreases housing prices far from urban park. The more distance to urban park, the greater the change in housing prices. The paper is concluded with that GWR- based model can improve the traditional space regression methods and can be used to effectively estimate the spatial trends of marginal effects of the factors that impact on urban residential land price. The explanation power of GWR model is higher than traditional hedonic price method, each coefficient estimates value appeared to estimate, propose analyzes according to different positions where each sum of housing price data belong to and different peripheral terms, shows the space distribution figure of the analysis result with GIS according to the parameter of neighborhood effects of urban park impact on hosing price.
THE INFLUENCES OF PAVEMENTS AND THERMAL COMFORT ON THE PREFERENCE OF LANDSCAPE SPACES
Wan-Chen Lee, Ai-Tsen Su, Yann-Jou Lin
This study was aimed to discuss the effects of thermal comfort and pavement preferences on preferences of landscape spaces. Different pavements might influence users’ feeling of air temperature and humidity, and these feeling might affect thermal comfort. Users’ preference for pavement materials, textures and colors might be different among pavements. Therefore, we selected nine different pavements and collected data in National Taiwan University. The microclimate data such as air temperature and relative humidity were collected by WatchDog2550 Weather Satation, and users’ feelings and preferences were collected by questionnaires at the same time, including the feelings of air temperature and humidity, the preferences to pavement materials, textures, colors and the total preferences of landscape spaces. Eight hundred and ninety-one samples were collected. Results suggested that air temperature, relative humidity, users’ feelings of air temperature and humidity all significantly affected the thermal comfort, but the users’ feelings were better indicators than the microclimate data. Besides, users’ preferences of pavement materials, textures and colors of different pavements were not exactly the same. To analyze the effects of the feelings of pavements and thermal comfort comprehensively, results suggested that the total preferences of landscape spaces were influenced by preferences of pavement materials, textures, colors and thermal comfort. The main factor was the preferences of pavement textures, followed by the preferences of pavement materials, colors and thermal comfort. According to the results, thermal comfort and the feelings of pavements indeed affected the total preferences of landscape spaces. Therefore, different pavement materials and characters could be chosen to build comfortable environments that make users prefer in landscape design.
A STUDY ON EFFICIENCY OF COMMUNITY- BASED RURAL PLANNING
Li-Pei Peng, Chen-Fa Wu
The community-based rural planning emphasized adopting participatory processes for community autonomy but frequently resulted in poor efficiency. However, many governments still encourage the method of community-based rural planning. This represents the method is appropriate but must improves its inefficiency problem of rural planning. The purpose of this article is to examine the efficiency of community-based rural planning, and further to understand the relationships between the variables of rural communities and the planning efficiency and the improving strategies in the future. This article used regression models to analyze 150 rural communities in Kobe city in Japan. We found that to improve the planning efficiency was obviously more important to promote the “industry operation” concept than the “environmental resources” concept. For concept of “environmental resources”, the results presented the significantly negative relationship between the variable of “densely inhabited district time (DID)” and the time consumption of rural planning. As for “agricultural industry operation” concept, the results showed the significantly negative relationships between the variables, i.e., “number of legal person organization” and “income size of undertaking”, and the time consumption, and showed the significantly positive relationships between the variables, i.e., “no cooperation proportion” and “number of wholesale” and the time consumption. This article clarifies that the community-based rural planning is rather time- consuming and suggests that the strategy to enhance efficiency of rural planning must elaborate to improve the autonomic capacity of community-based operation rather than to be dominated by the organizations of wholesales. The results provide experiences to promote rural planning efficiency for policy of rural regeneration in Taiwan.